知道 Rebecca F. Kuang(匡灵秀)是因为她的作品《巴别塔》获得了星云奖最佳长篇小说奖,恰逢微信读书上线了译本,正好一读。不知道是不是因为宣传给人的预期太高,虽然书里有一些蛮有意思的设定,但读完之后其实还是略有些失望。年末逛书店时,看到了她的新书《Yellow Face》,决定“再给她一次机会”,没想到这个关于偷窃的故事更对我的胃口,情节引人入胜,很好读。今天就来分享下她的这两本书。
Babel, or The Necessity of Violence 巴别塔
在希伯来语中,“巴别”是“变乱、混淆”的意思。巴别塔的传说有很多种解读,其中一种是它象征着语言、翻译与交流的意象。
书中很有意思的一个设定是「刻银术」。翻译界的一个理念是“没有完美的翻译”,语言包裹着历史、思想与文化,但在翻译的过程中却很难完美地传达,故事中的「刻银术」则化解了这个诅咒。白银捕捉到语言转化中丢失的那一部分语义,然后将它转化成真实的存在。这种古老的魔法完美解决了不可译性的问题,成为了人们日常生活与社会发展中不可或缺的技术力量。作者在这条明线上探讨着语言的力量,以及翻译的可能。基于这个设定,作者一步步掀开了帝国展开殖民和剥削的史实,也审视着学术与暴力的关系。知识是纯粹的,但像主角这样掌握知识的人却可能成为施暴的工具。
书里一些情节的设定和进展会让我读起来稍有些不太喜欢,利用白银来写史实相关的侵略和鸦片战争略有些刻意,而主角后来轻易就占领了巴别塔又让我觉得有些过于简单。我更喜欢书中关于语言与翻译的那一部分,作者精心设计的魔法镌字,还有书中人物的名字,也许看英文原作更能感受到她的匠心独运。读这本书的时候我正好在学法语,感叹于它繁复的发音规则和复杂的动词变位,看到书中的人对学中文的吐槽,不禁一笑。
“汉语太可怕了。没有动词变位,没有时态,也没有名词变格。你怎么知道一句话到底是什么意思?声调就更别提了。我根本就听不出什么声调,可能我没什么乐感吧,反正我真的听不出区别。我都开始觉得这些是编出来的了。”
Yellow Face
这是一个关于偷窃的故事。故事围绕两个年轻女作家展开,白人女孩 June 受邀去亚裔女孩 Athena 家,却目睹了朋友的意外死亡。June 拿走了朋友的手稿,修改完善后以自己的名义出版了它。正如她所预料的那样,书籍的出版让她获得了难以想象的成功,她过上了如死去的朋友一样的令人向往的畅销书作家的生活。但随后她也因这本书被卷入了巨大的风波,有人质疑白人作家的她是否有资格来讲述这样一个聚焦于一战时期中国劳工的故事,有人说她偷了朋友的故事,她陷入了网暴……诡异的是 Athena 的社交账号复活了过来。精神备受折磨的 June 最终被录下认罪,她似乎被世界所抛弃。她彻底失败了吗?故事的最后,她似乎准备写另一个故事来让自己变成“英雄”。
The truth is fluid. There is always another way to spin the story, another wrench to throw into the narrative.
看这本书的时候,有一些片段还蛮让人感叹的。
一个是 June 拿朋友的故事出版书时明显感受到了与自己出版处女作时的不同。出版商并没有直截了当地告诉她这本书有多重要,出版处女作时她拼命宣传但却没有获得出版商相应的回报,而出版这本书的时候,她却感受到了各种涌现出的消息预示着这就是一本即将诞生的畅销书,“Bestsellers are chosen”。
一个是 June 被提问作为一个白人作家为什么认为自己是合适的人来讲述这个关于中国劳工的故事。
I think it’s very dangerous to start censoring what authors should and shouldn’t write.…… I’d hate to live in a world where we tell people what they should and shouldn’t write based on the color of their skin. …… Meanwhile, I think writing is fundamentally an exercise in empathy. Reading lets us live in someone else’s shoes. Literature builds bridges; it makes our world larger, not smaller.…… I think this discomfort with my writing about tragedy speaks to our larger discomfort with acknowledging it happened at all. And that is, unfortunately, the lot of anyone who writes a war novel. But I won’t let that stop me from telling untold histories. Someone has to do it.
还有最后 June 和 Candice 对“亚裔”标签的争论。白人作家觉得自己没有“少数族裔”的标签来作为卖点,认为自己被反向歧视。但其实出版市场并不需要那么多的少数族裔,除了像 Athena 那样的佼佼者,大部分少数族裔还是被拒之门外;即使是 Athena,她的创作主题也很受限。
Do you know how much shit Athena got from this industry? They marked her as their token, exotic Asian girl. Every time she tried to branch out to new projects, they kept insisting that Asian was her brand, was what her audience expected. They never let her talk about anything other than being an immigrant, other than the fact that half her family died in Cambodia, that her dad killed himself on the twentieth anniversary of Tiananmen. Racial trauma sells, right? They treated her like a museum object. That was her marketing point. Being a Chinese tragedy. She leaned into it, too. She knew the rules. She fucking milked it for all it was worth.
And if Athena is a success story, what does that mean for the rest of us? Do you know what it’s like to pitch a book and be told they already have an Asian writer? That they can’t put out two minority stories in the same season? That Athena Liu already exists, so you’re redundant? This industry is built on silencing us, stomping us into the ground, and hurling money at white people to produce racist stereotypes of us.
总之,我读完全书之后觉得很精彩。作者的用词、文笔都很不错,文中的人物刻画也很出色。推荐给大家。